Tristan and Isolde are two of the great lovers of
legend and since their first literary appearance, as Tristan and Iseult, in 12th century
Franco-Norman poetry, there have been many versions of their story. Like
Romeo and Juliet, Paolo and Francesca and Anthony and Cleopatra, it is a doomed
love which suited the Victorian sensibility. Matters are complicated in
that the story is a love triangle in that Tristan is sent by his uncle, King
Mark of Cornwall, to bring back the Irish princess Isolde to be Mark's bride.
However, on the way back the two take a love potion. Depending on
the version of the story this is either accidentally or Isolde takes the potion
destined for her and King Mark and gives it to Tristan instead, thus becoming a
typical (for the Victorians) predatory woman. The two fall in love but
King Mark doesn't learn of their affair for some time. When he does he decides
to hang Tristan and burn Isolde at the stake but Tristan escapes, rescues
Isolde and flees to the forest where they are not discovered again for some
years. Eventually Mark persuades Tristan to return Isolde to him and he
is banished to Brittany where he marries a woman, also called Iseult ( not
coincidentally).
Tristan and Isolde: Life (1912)
In one version of the story, Mark treacherously
kills Tristan, while he is playing the harp, with a poisoned lance. In the
other version Tristan is injured in a fight with other knights and sends his
friend to bring Isolde, who is the only person who can heal him, across the
sea. His friend is told to display white sails on his ship if he is bringing
back Isolde and black if he is not. However, Tristan's jealous wife, sick of
being an Isolde substitute lies to him about the colour of the sails and
Tristan, thinking that Isolde no longer cares for him, dies of grief. On
arriving in Brittany Isolde also dies on seeing Tristan's body and this is the
scene depicted in Egusquiza's painting.
Study for Isolde (1893)
It is not surprising that such a melodramatic story
appealed to the Victorians and many artists of the time did their own paintings
of the couple, mostly full of medieval backdrops and costume. Egusqueza's
version has a rare eroticism about it with Isolde barely dressed in the
flimsiest of, garments, her breasts exposed. He based Isolde's figure on
a nude study he had done some years before, adding the lightest drapery to the
figure for the painting. This was not a random drawing, later re-used
for unconnected paintings years later, in the manner of Delacroix; he was
already planning his Tristan and Isolde painting back in 1893.
Study for Isolde (1896)
Egusqueza came from a well-off family from Santander. in the north-western,
Basque area of Spain and studied art in Madrid and then Paris. After some
travel he returned to Paris and stayed there until a one year visit to Rome.
In 1876 when back in Paris, he first heard the music of Richard Wagner
and from then on developed a fixation on the operas of the composer. He
later got to know Wagner and drew his portrait.
Kundry (1894)
He started to feature Wagnerian themes in his paintings, although more often
illustrating characters rather than actual scenes. This drawing is of
Kundry, the high messenger of the Grail, from Wagner's final opera Parsifal.
Wagner handed Egusquiza a copy of the manuscript of Parsifal for him to look
at in 1880 and the painter attended the premier in Bayreuth in 1882.
Kundry (1906)
Egusqueza knew Wagnjer's operas intimately and played the music himself on the
piano. He began to attend performances of the operas in Bayreuth.
He started work on his Tristan and Isolde project in the early eighteen
nineties and knew that he wanted to produce paintings illustrating two
key scenes from the opera, Firstly, the finale of Act III with Isolde's death
upon the body of Tristan (in Wagner's version of the legend Tristan is still
(barely) alive when Isolde finds him on the beach).
Tristan and Isolde: life (1893)
The second painting was to depict Tristan and Isolde alive in the night (from
Act II). The opera itself is about the tensions between night and day
with the lovers embracing the night, which enables them to pursue their amorous
encounters undiscovered. It is about life and death too, of course, and
Wagner was influenced by the rather pessimistic views of philosopher Artur
Schopenhauer, and through Wagner, Egusqueza embraced his views too. In
this early rendering by the artist, a diaphanously clad Isolde is embraced by
the warrior Tristan.
Tristan and Isolde (1896)
The figures seem to be enveloped in dark. Egusquiza had written a book on stage
lighting and was very aware of the light effects he wanted in his pictures.
The final painting of the lovers alive was not completed until 1912,
three years before the artist's death. Both are large canvases, some five
feet by eight.
Tristan and Isolde 1906
In this drawing, Egusquiza presents his final composition for the lovers.
Isolde's arm is moved from the initial sketches so that she holds Tristan's
wrist, linking them in death. It was another five years before the final
painting was first exhibited at the Salon of the Société Nationale des
Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1911, where it was rapturously received. Privately owned, Tristan and Isolde: Death was not seen again in public until a
retrospective of the artist in his home town of Santander in 1995. It
made a huge impact and became well known as a result. In 2000 it was
bought by the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum where it hangs today. Tristan and
Isolde: Life is now just forty five miles away in the Museum of Modern and
Contemporary Art of Santander and Cantabria.
Egusquiza, through his intimate knowledge of Wagner's opera, has produced a
painting that matches the passion and tragedy of the music and is much more
than a man and a woman in medieval clothes, like most of the other depictions
of the characters.